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Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
Instructions to Authors
The Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology (Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol.) is an international journal and publishes, in English or French, peer-reviewed reports of original research on all aspects of physiology, pharmacology, nutrition, and toxicology, including the fields of cardiovascular science; drug disposition and biochemical toxicology; endocrinology; gastroenterology; musculoskeletal sciences, including cellular motility; neuroscience (i.e., autonomic, cellular, central); renal and respiratory sciences; thermal physiology; and nutritional sciences, including the interaction of nutrition with the above. Types of papersAn article reports a completed definitive study of original research that has not been previously published. A brief report describes well-documented results of original research which is of smaller scope than an article. Brief Reports may not be used for preliminary publication or as a progress report. Brief reports may contain no more than 12–14 typed, double-spaced manuscript pages consisting of title, abstract, text, references and figures/tables. The page count is inclusive of: a brief abstract, all table/figure text, a maximum of 20 references and up to four figures and (or) tables. A rapid communication is intended for the rapid publication of initial findings or full investigations of findings of a particularly novel and significant nature. It should be accompanied by a letter in which the author gives reasons to justify publication of the manuscript as a rapid communication. Rapid communications should be no more than 8–10 typed, double-spaced manuscript pages inclusive of brief abstract, text, a maximum of 12 references, table/figure legends, and up to two figures and (or) tables. Authors must suggest a minimum of three to four reviewers, though the final selection is made by the Editorial Office. A rapid communication will be either accepted without revision or rejected. However, this rejection will not preclude the subsequent submission of the manuscript in expanded form as a full article. Reviews may be submitted only by invitation or after consultation and prior agreement of the editors. All contributions are subject to normal reviewing processes. Reviews must deal with topics of general interest or current importance, and should be synthetic rather than comprehensive in emphasis. LanguagePapers must be clearly and concisely written in English or French. Authors whose native language is not English or French should consult someone fluent in English or French prior to submission of the manuscript. Good writing improves the speed and effectiveness of review and publication. Abstracts should be submitted in the language of the paper. They will be translated into the other official language by the journal translator. However, authors able to submit abstracts in both fluent English and French are encouraged to do so. Page chargesThere are no page charges for publication in the Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmalcology. To submit by mail
New manuscriptsAuthors should submit the original copy and one duplicate of their manuscript (including tables and figures) directly to the Editors: Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, St. Boniface Research Centre, RL008 – 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada (204-237-2581; fax: 204-237-4883; e-mail:cjppeo@cc.umanitoba.ca). Revised manuscriptsThe revised manuscript (original and one copy on paper and on disk or by e-mail, indicating the word processing software used) and the original illustrations plus one duplicate set (photocopy is acceptable) must be sent to the Editor together with a covering letter outlining the precise disposition of all comments and criticisms. Accepted manuscriptsAuthors are requested to provide the final accepted manuscript only, both in hard-copy format and in electronic format (on disk or by e-mail). If providing files on disk, text files and figure files should be submitted on separate disks. All disks must be labeled clearly with the authors’ names, software used, version number, and platform (IBM or Macintosh). Text (including tables) should be provided in a word-processing format (any form of WordPerfect, Microsoft Word, or TeX). TeX macros for preparing papers for submissions are available at ftp://ftp.tex.ac.uk/tex-archive/ macros/latex/contrib/nrc/, ftp://ftp.dante.de/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/nrc/, and ftp://ctan.tug.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/nrc/. For figures, see the section ”Preparation of Electronic graphic files”. To submit via the World Wide WebAuthors may submit manuscripts via OSPREY Online Submission and Peer Review system. OSPREY is best viewed in Netscape 7.0 or higher or Internet Explorer 6.0 or higher. Authors may register at any time on the site, but should register only once. During registration, authors choose a username/password. The security of manuscripts is protected by the username/password system. To contact technical support at any point during submission, contact Louis Lafleur (613-998-9432; louis.lafleur@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca) from 8:00 am to 4:00 pm EST. A user manual with full instructions is available on the Web site. Authors must submit at least a cover letter and manuscript; tables and figures may be included in the manuscript file, or may be uploaded separately. OSPREY accepts files in most common text and graphics formats (see complete list of formats on the Web site). When submitting, authors should be working at a computer where all of the relevant files for their paper are available. Submission of a typical manuscript requires about 10 minutes, but upload time depends on the speed of the Internet connection. All correspondence about manuscripts submitted through OSPREY will be sent to the person listed as the corresponding author during submission. Correspondence is by email. For revisions, the corresponding author will be contacted by email and asked to submit a revision; the process is very similar to initial submission. For accepted manuscripts, the author will be contacted to advise him or her of acceptance, and to ask him or her to upload via OSPREY the final accepted manuscript and all associated files for tables, figures, and supplementary data. Revised manuscriptsAuthors are requested to submit the revised manuscript at the CJPP Web Manuscript Submission site. You may submit a PDF file, a wordprocessing file, or a PostScript file (in each case the tables and figures must be embedded in one file). You must also provide a cover letter outlining the precise disposition of all comments and criticisms. Accepted manuscriptsAuthors are requested to submit the final accepted manuscript (including tables) and figures in separate files as requested by the Editorial Office. Text (including tables) should be provided in a word-processing format. TeX macros for preparing papers for submissions are available at ftp://ftp.tex.ac.uk/tex-archive/ macros/latex/contrib/nrc/, ftp://ftp.dante.de/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/nrc/, and ftp://ctan.tug.org/tex-archive/ macros/latex/contrib/nrc/. For figures, see the section Preparation of electronic graphic files. Other information regarding submission (both by mail and via the Web)Cover letterThe corresponding author should send a cover letter with the submission, signed by all authors, that (i) states the type of paper being submitted (e.g., article, note, review, etc.), (ii) includes the full name and complete contact information (including e-mail address) for each co-author, (iii) warrants that the manuscript represents original work that is not being considered for publication, in whole or in part, in another journal, book, conference proceedings, or government publication with a substantial circulation (see Ethics section, Duplicate and prior publication), (iv) warrants that all previously published work cited in the manuscript has been fully acknowledged (see Publication process section, Permission to reproduce copyright material), (v) warrants that the manuscript is one of a kind, or part of a study or thesis from which other manuscripts may be generated, (vi) warrants that all of the authors have contributed substantially to the manuscript and approved the final submission, (vii) explains any real or perceived conflicts of interest (see Ethics section, Conflict of interest and disclosure), and (viii) lists the names, addresses, telephone and fax numbers, and e-mail addresses of four to six persons who are qualified to act as referees. Copyright formsThe submission package must include copyright release forms signed by all authors (see Publication process section, Copyright transfer). PreprintsTo facilitate the review process, the author(s) must also provide two preprints of any relevant papers that have been submitted, are in press, or have been recently published. This is especially important if such papers are referred to in the manuscript. To facilitate the review process, the author(s) must also provide copies of related manuscripts not already published, publications containing significant overlap with the submission, as well as a written explanation for the overlap (see Ethics section, Duplicate and prior publication). For databasesAuthors of manuscripts reporting nucleic acid sequences are encouraged to submit the relevant data to the GenBank, EMBL, or DDBJ databases, whichever is most convenient. Data can be submitted by e-mail or on disk. Details regarding submission can be obtained from the relevant databases. Electronic mail addresses are as follows: GenBank: gb-sub@ncbi.nlm.nih.govEMBL: datasubs@embl-heidelberg.de DDBJ: ddbjsub@ddbj.nig.ac.jp The mailing address for GenBank is as follows: GenBank Submissions National Center for Biotechnology Information Bldg. 38A, Room 8N-803 8600 Rockville Pike Bethesda, MD 20894, U.S.A. The accession number of the sequence should be provided in the manuscript. Authors are encouraged to register their new biomolecular interactions, complexes, and pathways in the Biomolecular Interaction Network Database (BIND). The BIND database archives biomolecular interactions including protein, DNA, RNA, ligand, or molecular complexes, and multiple interactions forming both complexes and pathways. BIND can be accessed at http://www.blueprint.org/. Editorial processReceipt of manuscriptsReceipt of each manuscript is acknowledged by e-mail to the corresponding author within three working days. The manuscript is read and examined for conformity to these Instructions to Authors by the technical editor. Failure to meet the criteria outlined may result in return of the manuscript for correction before evaluation. Correspondence policyAuthors, Institutional Directors, and Editorial Managers should note that it is the strict policy of the Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology to correspond only with the authors through the designated corresponding author of a paper. The Editor regards a submitted manuscript as a confidential document and seeks to ensure that the authors retain control of the reports obtained during the evaluation process. Peer review/evaluationPeer review — The Editor assigns management of the peer review process to an Associate Editor responsible for the subject area of the paper. However, the Editor will return unreviewed those manuscripts that do not fall within the Journal’s scope or character and those that exceed the Journal’s guidelines for prior publication. Papers submitted for inclusion in Journal supplements are treated with the same rigor of review as articles in regular issues. The Associate Editor selects a minimum of two reviewers selected for their knowledge of, and their experience in, the subject treated in the manuscript. Reviewers are invited, in confidence, to recommend on the suitability of the submission and provide comments for the authors and the Associate Editor. The Associate Editor retains full responsibility, however, for all decisions regarding the manuscript. Authors are invited to suggest reviewers who are competent to examine their manuscript, but the Associate Editor is not limited to such suggestions. Reviewers are informed that they have received privileged documents for assessment of scientific merit and are expected to provide reasonable arguments to support their evaluations. Identities of reviewers will not be released to authors without the written consent of the reviewer. The review process is expected to be complete within eight weeks, but conflicting recommendations and other unpredictable events may cause some delay. Recommendations for acceptance, revision, and rejectionAssociate Editors and reviewers are asked to make one of four recommendations: accept, accept after minor revision, accept after major revision, do not accept. Reviewers may also advise that a paper is more suitable to a specialist or local journal. Except where remarks are professionally inappropriate, all reviewers’ comments are sent to authors. The decision to accept a paper is made primarily on scientific content. However, authors should recognize that unclear writing and (or) data presentation often contribute to refusal of manuscripts. The decision to ask for revisions is made in light of the reviewers’ comments and recommendations, and after evaluation by the Associate Editor. Authors are allowed 28 days to undertake revisions. Revised manuscripts that do not meet this deadline will be treated as new submissions and may be subject to further review. Papers requiring new experimental work or major rewriting will be rejected, and the authors will be encouraged to submit a new manuscript when the required amendments have been completed. Authors should attempt to meet all the objections raised by reviewers, especially where clarification is sought. Editorial items must be completed as directed. The final decision on acceptance or rejection is made by the Editor on the advice of the Associate Editor. This decision, together with any relevant reasons, will be communicated by letter from the Editor to the corresponding author. One copy of the original submission is retained by the Editor. In the case of papers that are not acceptable or are withdrawn, this manuscript and a copy of all reviews and correspondence are retained, for reference (in case of resubmission), for one year after the date of submission. Publication processThe Editorial Office checks all accepted manuscripts for conformation to the Instructions to Authors and to ensure that all necessary paperwork is present. Any areas that are identified as problematic will be addressed by the Editorial Office in consultation with the corresponding author. Once the Editorial Office has resolved any problems with the manuscript and the original signed Assignment of Copyright forms have been received from all authors, the manuscript is forwarded to NRC Research Press in Ottawa for publication. The papers are prepared for publication by a professional copy editor responsible for ensuring that the final printed work is consistent in form and style. Once the paper has been accepted, all correspondence should be with NRC Research Press, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON KlA 0R6, Canada (fax: 613-952-7656; e-mail: pubs@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca; URL: http://pubs.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca). NRC Research Press may make editorial changes as required, but will not make substantive changes in the content of a paper without consultation with the author and the Editors. Galley proofsA galley proof, illustration proofs, the copy-edited manuscript, and a reprint order form are sent to the corresponding author. Galley proofs must be checked very carefully, as they will not be proofread by NRC Research Press, and must be returned within 48 hours of receipt. The proof stage is not the time to make extensive corrections, additions, or deletions, and the cost of changes introduced at the proof stage and deemed to be excessive will be charged to the author. Questions concerning galley proofs should be addressed to Jennifer Stewart (613-990-3474 ; fax: 613-952-7656; e-mail: jennifer.stewart@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca). ReprintsIf reprints are desired, the reprint order form must be filled out completely and returned with payment (cheque, credit card number, purchase order number, or journal voucher) together with the corrected proofs and manuscript. Orders submitted after the Journal has been printed are subject to considerably higher prices. The Journal does not provide free reprints, and reprints are not mailed until a purchase order number or payment is received. Permission to reproduce copyright materialWhenever a manuscript contains material (tables, figures, charts, etc.) that has been previously published and, hence, is protected by copyright, it is the obligation of the author to secure written permission from the holder of the copyright to reproduce the material for both the print and electronic formats. These letters must accompany the submitted manuscript. Copyright transferAll authors are required to complete a copyright transfer form assigning all rights to NRC. Copyright transfer forms are available from the Editor, in the first issue of the volume, or on the Web site of Journal http://pubs.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/rp/rptemp/copyright_e.pdf. Permission to reprint material published in NRC journalsRequests for permission to reproduce or republish the paper, in whole or in part, should be sent to NRC Research Press, Roxanne Landriault (tel.: 613-990-2254; e-mail: roxanne.landriault@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca). EthicsThe ethical standards expected of authors, referees, and editors are described in the NRC Research Press Publication Policy (on the Journal Web site at http://pubs.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/cgi-bin/rp/rp2_cust_e?pubpolicy, OR upon request). Duplicate and prior publicationThe Editorial Board considers a paper not eligible for publication if most of the content of the paper (i) is under consideration for publication or is published in a journal, or book chapter; (ii) is under consideration for publication or is published in a conference proceedings or a government publication, with a substantial circulation (distributed to 100 or more individuals over a wide area). Authors may place a draft of a submitted article on their Web site or their organization’s server, provided that the draft is not amended once accepted for publication. We encourage authors to insert hyperlinks from preprints to the final published version on the NRC Research Press Web site. Abstracts or extended abstracts related to conferences do not constitute prior publication. Extended abstracts are usually under 2000 words and do not include presentation of detailed tables and graphics of the results of the study. Assurance of authorshipIn the cover letter, the corresponding author must affirm that all of the authors have read and approved the manuscript. Conflict of interest and disclosureThe Editor recognizes that authors and peer reviewers may have real or perceived conflicts of interest arising from intellectual, personal, or financial circumstances of their research. Submitted manuscripts should include full disclosure of funding sources for the research and the letter of transmission should include an explanation of any real or perceived conflicts of interest that may arise during the peer review process. Failure to disclose such conflicts may lead to refusal of a submitted manuscript. Experiments involving humans or animalsAll authors, regardless of their country of origin, who describe experiments on animals are required to give assurance in the Materials and methods that the animals were cared for in accordance with the Guide to the Care and Use of Experimental Animals (Vol. 1, 2nd ed., 1993, and Vol. 2, 1984, available from the Canadian Council on Animal Care, Constitution Square, Tower 2, Suite 315, 350 Albert Street, Ottawa, ON K1R 1B1, Canada, or on their Web site at www.ccac.ca) or the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (1996, published by National Academy Press, 2101 Constitution Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20055, U.S.A.) and that their use of animals was reviewed and approved by the appropriate animal care review committee at the institution(s) where the experiments were carried out. Authors who describe experiments on humans are required to provide assurance in the manuscript that appropriate standards for human experimentation have been followed, that the experiment has been reviewed and approved by their institution’s ethics review committee, and that the subjects have given informed consent prior to participating in the study. Photo manipulationAuthors should be aware that the Journal considers digital images to be data. Hence, digital images submitted should contain the same data as the original image captured. Any manipulation using graphical software should be identified in the methods, including both the name of the software and the techniques used to enhance or change the graphic in any way. Such a disclaimer ensures that the methods are repeatable and ensures the scientific integrity of the work. The removal of artefacts or any (nonintegral) data held in the image is discouraged. The manuscriptThe manuscript should be typewritten, double-spaced, on paper 8.5 × 11 in. (or ISO A4). Typing should be on one side of the page only. Each page should be numbered, beginning with the title page. For material that is to be set in italics, use an italic font; do not underline. Use capital letters only when the letters or words should appear in capitals. All manuscripts should contain a title page (p. 1), an abstract (p. 2), followed by Introduction (p. 3), Materials and methods, Results , Discussion, and Acknowledgements sections, plus references, tables, figure captions, and appendices, in that order. (See descriptions of each part of the manuscript, below.) Tables and captions for illustrations should be on separate pages. TitleBoth titles and abstracts provide information for contemporary alerting and information retrieval services, and should therefore be informative but brief. AbstractAn abstract is required for every contribution and should contain accurate descriptive words that will draw the reader to the content. This is particularly important because contemporary alerting services and search engines will search this text. It should not be more than 200 words and should appear on a separate page. The concise abstract should present the paper content accurately and should supplement, not duplicate, the title in this respect. Authors able to submit abstracts in both fluent English and French are encouraged to do so. Abstracts submitted in one language will be translated into the other official language by the journal translator. References should not be cited in the abstract unless they are absolutely essential, in which case full bibliographic information must be provided. TextThe text should be written and arranged to ensure that the observations reported may be reproduced and (or) evaluated by readers. Sources of biological materials, experimental methods, geographical locations, and statistical methods should be described. Sources of commercially available laboratory or field equipment and fine chemicals should be indicated in parentheses; list the company name, city, and country. IntroductionLimit the introduction largely to the scope, purpose, and rationale of the study. Restrict the literature review and other background information to that needed in defining the problem or setting the work in perspective. An introduction generally need not exceed 375–500 words. Materials and methodsThe degree of reproducibility of experiments should be indicated either in general statements in Materials and methods and Results or, preferably, as statistical treatments of numerical data cited in tabular or graphic form. The experimental, or computational, material must be sufficiently detailed to permit reproduction of the work, but must be concise and avoid lengthy descriptions of known procedures; the latter should be specified by appropriate references. Identify figures that have been digitally enhanced or modified, and provide the software and technique used. ResultsLimit the results to answers to the questions posed in the purpose of the work and condense them as comprehensively as possible. Material supplementary to the text can be archived in the report literature or a recognized data depository and referenced in the text (see Supplementary material section). Discussion or ConclusionLimit the Discussion to giving the main contributions of the study and interpreting particular findings, comparing them with those of other workers. Emphasis should be maintained on synthesis and interpretation and exposition of broadly applicable generalizations and principles. If the Discussion is brief and straightforward, it can be combined with the Results section. ReferencesEach reference must be cited in the text using the surnames of the authors and the year, for example, (Walpole 1985) or Green and Brown (1990). If there are three or more authors, the citation should give the name of the first author followed by et al. (e.g., Green et al. 1991). If references occur that are not uniquely identified by the authors’ names and year, use a, b, c, etc., after the year, for example, Green 1983a, 1983b; Green and Brown 1988a, 1988b, for the text citation and in the reference list. Uniform resource locators (URLs) or digital object identifiers (DOIs) are useful in locating references on the World Wide Web, and authors are encouraged to include these; they should be added to the reference in the reference list (see example below). Unpublished reports, private communications, and In press referencesReferences to unpublished reports, private communications, and papers submitted but not yet accepted are not included in the reference list but instead must be included as footnotes or in parentheses in the text, giving all authors’ names with initials; for a private communication, year of communication should also be given (e.g., J.S. Jones (personal communication, 1999)).If an unpublished book or article has been accepted for publication, include it in the reference list followed by the notation “In press”. Do not include volume, page number, or year in an in-press reference, as these are subject to change before publication. Presentation of the listThe reference list must be double-spaced and placed at the end of the text. References must be listed in alphabetical order according to the name of the first author and not numbered. References with the same first author are listed in the following order. (i) Papers with one author only are listed first in chronological order, beginning with the earliest paper. (ii) Papers with dual authorship follow and are listed in alphabetical order by the last name of the second author. (iii) Papers with three or more authors appear after the dual-authored papers and are arranged chronologically. General guidelines on referencesReferences should follow the form used in current issues of the Journal. References to unpublished reports and to private communications are not included in the reference list (see Private communications and unpublished material, below). The names of serials are abbreviated in the form given in Chemical Abstracts Service Source Index (CASSI) (Chemical Abstracts Service Source Index, Chemical Abstracts, P.O. Box 3012, Columbus, OH 43210, U.S.A.) or in BIOSIS Serial Sources (BIOSIS, 2100 Arch Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103-1399, U.S.A.). In doubtful cases, authors should write the name of the serial in full. References to nonrefereed documents (e.g., environmental impact statements, contract reports) must include the address where they can be obtained. The following bibliographic citations illustrate the punctuation, style, and abbreviations for references. Journal article:
TablesTables must be typed on separate pages, placed after the list of references, and numbered with Arabic numerals in the order cited in the text. The title of the table should be a concise description of the content, no longer than one sentence, that allows the table to be understood without detailed reference to the text. Footnotes in tables should be designated by symbols (in the order *, †, ‡, §, ||, ¶, #) or superscript lowercase italic letters. Descriptive material not designated by a footnote may be placed under a table as a Note. Figure captionsFigure captions should be listed on a separate page and placed after the tables. The caption should informatively describe the content of the figure, without need for detailed reference to the text. AppendicesAn appendix should be able to stand alone, as a separate, self-contained document. Figures and tables used in an appendix should be numbered sequentially but separately from those used in the main body of the paper, for example, Fig. A1, Table A1, etc. If references are cited in an appendix, they must be listed in an appendix reference list, separate from the reference list for the article. Supplementary materialSupplementary material (or data) consists of extra tables, figures (maps), detailed calculations, and data sets produced by the authors as part of their research, but not essential for understanding or evaluating the paper, and not published with the article in the print edition of the journal. Depending on the policy of the journal, such material may or may not be peer reviewed with the article. Supplementary material should be submitted with the article. During Web submission (OSPREY), relevant files should be attached under "Supplementary data". For mail submission, supplementary material should be clearly marked as such. The National Research Council of Canada maintains a depository in which supplementary material may be placed, either at the request of the author or at the suggestion of the Editor. In addition, supplementary material can now be made available in its native file format on the journal Web site. It will be linked from the Web page of the associated article. Tables and figures should be numbered in sequence separate from those published with the paper (e.g., Fig. S1, Table S1). The supplementary material should be referred to in the printed article by footnotes. Copies of material in the depository may be purchased from the Depository of Unpublished Data, CISTI, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. IllustrationsOne original and two copies of figures must be submitted to the Editorial Office, even if electronic versions are to be submitted for use in production. Each figure or group of figures should be planned to fit, after appropriate reduction, into the area of either one or two columns of text. The maximum finished size of a one-column illustration is 8.6 × 23.7 cm (3.4 × 9.3 in.) and that of a two-column illustration is 18.2 × 23.7 cm (7.2 × 9.3 in.). The figures (including halftones) must be numbered consecutively in Arabic numerals, and each one must be referred to in the text and must be self-explanatory. All terms, abbreviations, and symbols must correspond with those in the text. Only essential labelling should be used, with detailed information given in the caption. For hard-copy versions, each illustration must be identified by the figure number and the authors’ names on the back of the page or in the left-hand corner, well away from the illustration area. Line drawingsAll lines must be sufficiently thick (0.5 points minimum) to reproduce well, and all symbols, superscripts, subscripts, and decimal points must be in good proportion to the rest of the drawing and large enough to allow for any necessary reduction without loss of detail. Avoid small open symbols; these tend to fill in upon reproduction. Lettering produced by dot matrix printers or typewriters, or by hand, is not acceptable. The same font style and lettering sizes should be used for all figures of similar size in any one paper. Original recorder tracings of NMR, IR, ESR spectra, etc., are not acceptable for reproduction; they must be redrawn. For hard-copy versions, line drawings should be made with black ink or computer-generated in black on high-quality white paper or other comparable material; laser prints should be created at the highest resolution available. PhotographsPhotographs should be continuous tone, of high quality, and with strong contrast. Only essential features should be shown. A photograph, or group of them, should be planned to fit into the area of either one or two columns of text with no further reduction. Electron micrographs or photomicrographs should include a scale bar directly on the print. Hard-copy versions must be printed on glossy paper and be trimmed and mounted on thin flexible white bristol board with no space between those arranged in groups. Colour illustrationsColourAll colour files submitted must be as CMYK (cyan, magenta, yellow, and black). These colours are used in full-colour commercial printing. RGB graphics (red, green, and blue; colours specifically used to produce an image on a monitor) will not print correctly. Colour illustrations will be at the author’s expense. Further details on prices are available from Jennifer Stewart (613-990-3474; fax: 613-952-7656; e-mail: jennifer.stewart@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca). Preparation of electronic graphic filesGeneralNRC Research Press prefers the submission of electronic illustration files for accepted manuscripts and will use these electronic files whenever possible. If electronic files are not available or if those supplied are inadequate for reproduction, hard-copy originals of adequate quality, either previously supplied or requested from the author, will be scanned. Note that the scanner will easily reproduce flaws (e.g., correction fluid, smudges). Submission of noncontinuous (screened) photographs and scanned illustrations printed out on laser printers is not recommended, as moirés develop; a moiré is a noticeable, unwanted pattern generated by rescanning or rescreening an illustration that already contains a dot pattern. If sending hard copies, please ensure that electronic files match the hard copies (i.e., figure number and figure content). If sending a disk, on the disk label, identify (i) the software application and version and (ii) file name(s), size, and extension. If you have compressed your files, indicate what compression format was used. PC or Macintosh versions of True Type or Type 1 fonts should be used. Do not use bitmap or nonstandard fonts. Electronic graphics can be accepted on the following disks: 3½" disks, 100 MB Zip cartridge, and CD-ROM. The preferred graphic application of NRC Research Press is CorelDraw! For other applications that can be used, see the electronic graphics list at http://pubs.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/cgi-bin/rp/rp2_prog_e?cjpp_graphics_e.html All figures should be submitted at the desired published size. For figures with several parts (e.g., a, b, c, d, etc.) created using the same software application, assemble them into one file rather than sending several files. Remember that the more complex your artwork becomes, the greater the possibility for problems at output time. Avoid complicated textures and shadings, especially in vector illustration programs; this increases the chance for a poor-quality final product. Bitmap (raster) files — Bitmaps are image files produced using a grid format in which each square (or pixel) is set to one level of black, colour, or grey. A bitmap (rasterized) file is broken down into the number of pixels or picture elements per inch (ppi). Pixels per inch is sometimes referred to as dots per inch (dpi). The higher the resolution of an image, the larger the number of pixels contained within the rectangular grid. The proper resolution should be used when submitting bitmap artwork. The minimum requirements for resolution are 600 dpi for line art, 1200 dpi for finelines (line art with fine lines or shading), 300 dpi for halftones and colour, and 600 dpi for combinations (halftones with lettering outside the photo area). Manuscript guidelinesStyle guidesAs a general guide for biological terms, The CBE Manual for Authors, Editors, and Publishers: Scientific Style and Format (6th ed., 1994) published by the Council of Biology Editors, Inc., Chicago, IL 60603, U.S.A., is recommended. Units of measurementSI units (Système international d’unités) should be used or SI equivalents should be given. This system is explained and other useful information is given in the Metric Practice Guide (2000) published by CSA International (178 Rexdale Blvd., Toronto, ON M9W 1R3, Canada). For practical reasons, some exceptions to SI units are allowed. NomenclatureNomenclature and abbreviations should follow the rules recommended by the International Union of Biochemistry (IUB) Committee of Editors of Biochemical Journals with support of IUPAC. As a general guide for biological terms, The CBE Manual for Authors, Editors, and Publishers: Scientific Style Format (6th ed., 1994), published by the Council of Biology Editors, Inc., Chicago, IL 60603, U.S.A., is recommended. EnzymesFor enzyme nomenclature, Enzyme Nomenclature (1992): Recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Academic Press, San Diego, Calif.) should be followed. ChemicalThe following references are pertinent in nomenclature: Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry, Sections A, B, C, D, E, F, and H, Pergamon Press, London, 1979; Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry, Butterworth, London, 1971; Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry, Blackwell, London, 1987. Tentative recommendations exist for organometallic nomenclature, IUPAC Information Bulletin No. 31, 1973; for stereochemical designations, J. Org. Chem. 35, 2849, 1970; and for steroids, J. Org. Chem. 34, 1517, 1969. Although tentative IUPAC rules have been published for carbohydrate nomenclature (Biochemistry, 10, 3983, 1971), the Editors recommend the use of the British–American nomenclature (J. Org. Chem. 28, 281, 1963), until the IUPAC rules become definitive. For nomenclature not covered by international convention, the usage of the American Chemical Society should be followed, for example, The Naming and Indexing of Chemical Compounds (Introduction to Chemical Abstracts Subject Index 56, IN, 1962). Rigid adherence to nomenclature rules is not expected each time a compound is mentioned in a manuscript, but the approved names should be given at least once, preferably in an early part of the manuscript. NRC Research Press
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