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Canadian Journal of Forest Research
Instructions to Authors
1. Types of papersThe Canadian Journal of Forest Research welcomes manuscripts reporting significant new knowledge and understanding across a broad spectrum of forest sciences, including biometrics, conservation, disturbances, ecology, economics, entomology, genetics, hydrology, management, nutrient cycling, pathology, physiology, remote sensing, silviculture, social sciences, soils, stand dynamics, and wood science. Manuscripts are selected for publication according to the extent and significance of new knowledge or ideas presented. Manuscripts should be concise and efficiently written; papers will be published only once their length is commensurate with the amount of significant new information presented. Submitted manuscripts should be as comprehensive as possible; if a single paper cannot be produced, then closely related papers should be cross-referenced and submitted together. Methodological and modeling papers should include applications and provide verification of enhanced performance. The Journal publishes articles, notes, reviews, rapid communications, and discussions, in English or French. An article reports results of a substantial, completed work. It should be concise and not exceed 30 pages of text (not including figures or tables). A note reports a completed project of smaller scope. A review is a critical synthesis of information on an important topic. A rapid communication is intended for the rapid publication of a timely and significant work. When submitting a communication, authors must explain why its importance or timeliness justifies accelerated processing. Discussions (comments and replies) of articles in recent issues of the Journal may be accepted for publication if they are brief and of a technical or interpretive nature. Replies to comments are invited from the original authors and are generally published in the same issue. 2. Page chargesThere are no page charges for publication in the Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 3. Purpose of these instructionsTo facilitate publication, authors must check symbols, abbreviations, and technical terms for accuracy, consistency, and readability. NRC Research Press maintains the right to preserve the technical quality of the Journal. Authors are requested to refer to a recent issue of the Journal for details of layout, especially for tables and reference lists. Manuscripts and illustrations must meet the requirements outlined below; otherwise, publication may be delayed. 4. Manuscript submissionWith each new submission, the corresponding author must include a cover letter and copyright release forms signed by all authors (see also Publication process section, Copyright transfer). The cover letter must (i) warrant that the manuscript represents original work that is not being considered for publication, in whole or in part, in another journal, book, conference proceedings, or government publication with a substantial circulation, (ii) warrant that all previously published work cited in the manuscript has been fully acknowledged (see Publication process section, Permission to reproduce copyright material), (iii)include an explanation of any real or perceived conflicts of interest (see Ethics section, Conflict of interest and disclosure), (iv) state the type of paper being submitted (article, note, review, etc.), (v) include the full name and complete contact information (including e-mail address) for each co-author, and (vi) list the names, addresses, telephone and fax numbers, and addresses of four persons who are qualified to act as referees. Manuscripts can be submitted either by mail or via the Web a. Submission by maili. New manuscripts Authors should submit the original copy and one duplicate of their manuscript (including tables and figures) directly to the Editors: Dr. Cindy E. Prescott or Dr. Doug Maynard, Editor, Canadian Journal of Forest Research Forest Sciences Centre Suite 2005 2424 Main Mall The University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada Telephone: 604-822-0272 Fax: 604-822-0214 E-mail: cjfr.office@ubc.ca. International authors sending manuscripts to the Editorial Office via courier, please attach a customs declaration to the shipment, indicating a monetary value of CAN$10 (this amount represents the average assembly and packaging cost per submission package). ii. Revised manuscripts The revised manuscript (original and one copy on paper and on disk or by e-mail, indicating the word-processing software used) and the original illustrations plus one duplicate set (photocopy is acceptable) must be sent to the Co-Editors, together with a cover letter responding to the comments of the reviewers, Associate Editor, and Co-Editor. When revisions are made to a manuscript, the track changes feature of the software must not be used. Instead the changes should be made directly in the manuscript and then listed in a separate letter. iii. Accepted manuscripts Authors are requested to provide the final accepted manuscript only, in both hard-copy and in electronic (on disk or by e-mail) formats. If providing files on disk, text files and figure files should be submitted on separate disks. All disks must be labeled clearly with the authors’ names, software used, version number, and platform (IBM or Macintosh). Text (including tables) should be provided in a word-processing format (any form of WordPerfect, Microsoft Word, or TeX is preferable, IBM compatible or Macintosh). TeX macros for preparing papers for submissions are available at ftp://ftp.tex.ac.uk/tex-archive/ macros/latex/contrib/nrc/, ftp://ftp.dante.de/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/nrc/, and ftp://ctan.tug.org/tex-archive/macros/latex/contrib/nrc/. For figures, see the section Preparation of electronic graphic files. Include a statement in the letter accompanying the manuscript that the version on the disk exactly matches the final hard-copy version. b. Submission via the World Wide Web Authors may submit manuscripts via OSPREY Online Submission and Peer Review system (http://pubs.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/cjfr/osprey). OSPREY is best viewed in Netscape 7.0 or higher or Internet Explorer 6.0 or higher. Authors may register at any time on the site, but should register only once. During registration, authors choose a username/password. The security of manuscripts is protected by the username/password system. For technical support at any point during submission, contact Louis Lafleur (613-998-9432; louis.lafleur@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca from 8:00 am to 4:00 pm EST. A user manual with full instructions is available on the Web site. Authors must submit at least a cover letter and manuscript; tables and figures may be included in the manuscript file, or may be uploaded separately. OSPREY accepts files in most common text and graphics formats (see complete list of formats on the Web site). When submitting, authors should be working at a computer where all of the relevant files for their paper are available. Submission of a typical manuscript requires about 10 minutes, but upload time depends on the speed of the Internet connection. All correspondence about manuscripts submitted through OSPREY will be sent to the person listed as the corresponding author during submission. Correspondence is by e-mail. For revisions, the corresponding author will be contacted by e-mail and asked to submit a revision; the process is very similar to initial submission. For accepted manuscripts, the author will be contacted to advise him or her of acceptance, and to ask him or her to upload via OSPREY the final accepted manuscript and all associated files for tables, figures, and supplementary data. When revisions are made to a manuscript, the track changes feature of the software must not be used. Instead the changes should be made directly in the manuscript and then listed in a separate letter. 5. Editorial processReceipt of each manuscript is acknowledged by e-mail to the corresponding author as soon as the Co-Editor has conducted an initial evaluation. The manuscript is read and examined for conformity to these Instructions to Authors by the technical editor. Failure to meet the criteria outlined may result in return of the manuscript for correction before evaluation. Authors, Institutional Directors, and Editorial Managers should note that it is the strict policy of the Canadian Journal of Forest Research to correspond only with the authors through the designated corresponding author of a paper. The Editors regard a submitted manuscript as a confidential document and seek to ensure that the authors retain control of the reports obtained during the evaluation process. Each manuscript is randomly assigned to one Co-Editor who will serve as editor for the manuscript for the entire review process. The Co-Editor in turn assigns the manuscript to an Associate Editor with expertise in the subject area. The Associate Editor selects a minimum of two reviewers, who are invited, in confidence, to evaluate the suitability of the submission and provide comments for the authors and Editors. The review process is expected to be complete within 8 weeks, but unpredictable events may cause some delay. Once the reviewers comments are available, the Associate Editor is asked to make one of five recommendations: accept, accept after minor revision, accept after major revision, revise and resubmit for further review, or reject. The final decision regarding any manuscript is made by the Co-Editor. The Co-Editor may also advise that a paper is more suitable for a more specialized or regional journal. The decision to accept a paper is made primarily on scientific content. However, authors should recognize that unclear writing or data presentation often contributes to refusal of manuscripts. Except where remarks are professionally inappropriate, all reviewer comments are sent to the authors. The decision will be communicated from the Co-Editor to the authors. In the case of papers that are rejected or withdrawn, one copy of the manuscript and a copy of all reviews and correspondence is retained for reference (in case of resubmission) for 2 years after the date of rejection or withdrawal. If revisions are required, authors are allowed 21 days for minor revisions or 42 days for major revisions. Revised manuscripts that do not meet these deadlines will be treated as new submissions and may be subject to further review. Authors should attempt to address all objections raised by reviewers, especially where clarification is sought. Papers requiring new experimental work or major rewriting will be asked to revise and resubmit the paper, which will be sent for further review. Authors resubmitting a manuscript must follow the same procedure for submitting a new manuscript but in their cover letter they must indicate the manuscript number assigned to the previous submission and address the major concerns of the reviewers and Editors. The resubmitted manuscript will be evaluated by the Associate Editor, who will recommend the extent of further review necessary. 6. Publication processa. General The Editorial Office checks all accepted manuscripts for conformation to the Instructions to Authors and to ensure that all necessary paperwork is present. Any areas that are identified as problematic will be addressed by the Editorial Office in consultation with the corresponding author. Once the Editorial Office has resolved any problems with the manuscript and the original signed Assignment of Copyright forms have been received from all authors, the manuscript is forwarded to NRC Research Press in Ottawa for publication. The papers are prepared for publication by a professional copy editor responsible for ensuring that the final printed work is consistent in form and style. NRC Research Press may make editorial changes as required, but will not make substantive changes in the content of a paper without consultation with the author and the Editors. b. Correspondence with NRC Research Press Once the paper has been accepted, all correspondence should be with NRC Research Press, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON KlA 0R6, Canada (fax: 613-952-7656; e-mail: pubs@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca; URL: http://pubs.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca). c. Galley proofs A galley proof, illustration proofs, the copy-edited manuscript, and a reprint order form are sent to the corresponding author. Galley proofs must be checked very carefully, as they will not be proofread by NRC Research Press, and must be returned within 48 hours of receipt. The proof stage is not the time to make extensive corrections, additions, or deletions, and the cost of changes introduced at the proof stage and deemed to be excessive will be charged to the author. Questions concerning galley proofs should be addressed to Suzanne Kettley (613-993-9088; fax: 613-952-7656; e-mail: suzanne.kettley@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca). d. Reprints If reprints are desired, the reprint order form must be filled out completely and returned with payment (cheque, credit card number, purchase order number, or journal voucher) together with the corrected proofs and manuscript. Orders submitted after the Journal has been printed are subject to considerably higher prices. The Journal does not provide free reprints, and reprints are not mailed until a purchase order number or payment is received. e. Permission to reproduce copyright material Whenever a manuscript contains material (tables, figures, charts, etc.) that has been previously published and, hence, is protected by copyright, it is the obligation of the author to secure written permission from the holder of the copyright to reproduce the material for both the print and electronic formats. These letters must accompany the submitted manuscript. f. Copyright transfer All authors are required to complete a copyright transfer form assigning all rights to NRC. Copyright transfer forms are available from the Editors, in the first issue of the volume, or on the Web site of journal (http://pubs.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/rp/rptemp/copyright_e.pdf). g. Permission to reprint material published in NRC journals Requests for permission to reproduce or republish the paper, in whole or in part, should be sent to NRC Research Press, Roxanne Landriault (tel.: 613-990-2254; e-mail: roxanne.landriault@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca). 7. Ethicsa. General The ethical standards expected of authors, referees, and editors are described in the NRC Research Press Publication Policy (published in the January 1996 issue of the Canadian Journal of Forest Research, on the Journal Web site at http://pubs.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/cgi-bin/rp/rp2_cust_e?pubpolicy, OR available upon request). b. Conflict of interest and disclosure TThe Editors recognize that authors and peer reviewers may have real or perceived conflicts of interest arising from intellectual, personal, or financial circumstances of their research. Submitted manuscripts should include full disclosure of funding sources for the research and the letter of transmission should include an explanation of any real or perceived conflicts of interest that may arise during the peer review process. Failure to disclose such conflicts may lead to refusal of a submitted manuscript. c. Photo manipulation Authors should be aware that the Journal considers digital images to be data. Hence, digital images submitted should contain the same data as the original image captured. Any manipulation using graphical software should be identified in the methods, including both the name of the software and the techniques used to enhance or change the graphic in any way. Such a disclaimer ensures that the methods are repeatable and ensures the scientific integrity of the work. The removal of artefacts or any (nonintegral) data held in the image is discouraged. 8. The manuscripta. Format and organization of text The manuscript should be typewritten, double-spaced, on 8.5 in. × 11 in. (or ISO A4) paper with numbered lines for all parts except references, tables, and figure captions. Typing should be on one side of the page only. Each page should be numbered, beginning with the title page. For material that is to be set in italics, use an italic font; do not underline. Use capital letters only when the letters or words should appear in capitals. All manuscripts should contain a title page (p. 1), an abstract (p. 2), followed by the body of the paper, an Acknowledgements section, plus references, tables, figure captions, and appendices, in that order. (See descriptions of particular manuscript parts, below.) Tables and captions for illustrations should be on separate pages. Primary headings indicate the major sections of the paper (Introduction, Materials and methods, Results, Discussion, Acknowledgements, References). Secondary headings indicate major divisions within a primary section. Tertiary headings indicate divisions within a secondary heading. The title should be concise and informative, with appropriate words for indexing and information retrieval. In the title, the names of organisms should be either in the vernacular or in Latin without their authors. The title page should contain the following. (i) The full title of the paper. (ii) Authors listed in the order in which they are to appear at the head of the printed article. (iii) Affiliation and address (including e-mail address) for each author. This should reflect the affiliation and address at the time of the study. Indicate in a footnote current affiliations and addresses (including e-mail addresses) that differ from those in the by-line. (iv) Name, address, telephone and fax numbers, and e-mail address of the author responsible for correspondence. An abstract is required for every contribution and should contain accurate descriptive words that will draw the reader to the content. This is particularly important because contemporary alerting services and search engines will search this text. It should not be more than 200 words and should appear on a separate page. The concise abstract should present the paper content accurately and should supplement, not duplicate, the title in this respect. Authors able to submit abstracts in both fluent English and French are encouraged to do so. Abstracts submitted in one language will be translated into the other official language by the journal translator. References should not be cited in the abstract unless they are absolutely essential, in which case full bibliographic information must be provided. In the text, authors are encouraged to include uniform resource locators (URLs) and digital object identifiers (DOIs) to enable readers to find material on the World Wide Web. URLs and DOIs for references cited should be placed after the reference in the reference list; other URLs and DOIs should be placed in context in the text. Footnotes to material in the text should not be used unless they are unavoidable, but their use is encouraged in tables. Where used in the text, footnotes should be cited in the manuscript by superscript Arabic numbers (except in the tables, see below) and should be numbered serially beginning with any that appear on the title page. Each footnote should be typed on the manuscript page upon which the reference is made; footnotes should not be included in the list of references. Equations should be clearly typed; triple-spacing should be used if superscripts and (or) subscripts are involved. Superscripts and subscripts should be legible and carefully placed. Distinguish between lowercase l and the numeral one, and between capital O and the numeral zero. A letter or symbol should represent only one entity and be used consistently throughout the paper. Each variable must be defined in the text or in a List of symbols to appear after the reference list. Variables representing vectors, matrices, vector matrices, and tensors must be clearly identified. Numbers identifying equations must be in square brackets and placed flush with the left margin. In numbering, no distinction is made between mathematical and chemical equations. b. References The author is responsible for verifying each reference against the original article. Each reference must be cited in the text using the surnames of the authors and the year, for example, (Walpole 1985) or Green and Brown (1990). Depending on the sentence construction, the names may or may not be in parentheses, but the year always is. If there are three or more authors, the citation should give the name of the first author followed by et al. (e.g., Green et al. 1991). If references occur that are not uniquely identified by the authors names and year, use a, b, c, etc., after the year, for example, Green 1983a, 1983b; Green and Brown 1988a, 1988b, for the text citation and in the reference list. Private communications and papers submitted but not yet accepted are not included in the reference list but instead should be included as footnotes or in parentheses in the text, giving all authors names with initials; for a private communication, year of communication should also be given (e.g., J.S. Jones (personal communication, 1999)). If an unpublished book or article has been accepted for publication, include it in the reference list followed by the notation In press. References to nonrefereed documents (e.g., environmental impact statements, contract reports) must include the address where they can be obtained. The reference list must be double-spaced and placed at the end of the text. References must be listed in alphabetical order according to the name of the first author and not numbered. References with the same first author are listed in the following order: (i) Papers with one author only are listed first in chronological order, beginning with the earliest paper. (ii) Papers with dual authorship follow and are listed in alphabetical order by the last name of the second author. (iii) Papers with three or more authors appear after the dual-authored papers and are arranged chronologically. References should follow the form used in current issues of the Journal. The names of serials are abbreviated in the form given in Chemical Abstracts Service Source Index (CASSI) (Chemical Abstracts Service Source Index, Chemical Abstracts, P.O. Box 3012, Columbus, OH 43210, USA) or in BIOSIS Serial Sources (BIOSIS, 2100 Arch Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103-1399, USA). In doubtful cases, authors should write the name of the serial in full. The Journal encourages the inclusion of issue numbers, which should be placed in parentheses after the volume number. Uniform resource locators (URLs) or digital object identifiers (DOIs) are useful in locating references on the World Wide Web, and authors are encouraged to include these; they should be added to the reference in the reference list. Online-only citations are indicated as such by including "[online]" after the title. The following bibliographic citations illustrate the punctuation, style, and abbreviations for references. Journal article:
c. Tables Tables must be typed on separate pages, placed after the list of references, and numbered with Arabic numerals in the order cited in the text. The title of the table should be a concise description of the content, no longer than one sentence, that allows the table to be understood without detailed reference to the text. Column headings should be brief, but may be amplified by footnotes. Vertical rules should not be used. A copy of the Journal should be consulted to see how tables are set up and where the lines in them are placed. Footnotes in tables should be designated by symbols (in the order *, †, ‡, §, ||, ¶, #) or superscript lowercase italic letters. Descriptive material not designated by a footnote may be placed under a table as a Note. Numerous small tables should be avoided, and the number of tables should be kept to a minimum. d. Figure captions Figure captions should be listed on a separate page and placed after the tables. The caption should informatively describe the content of the figure, without need for detailed reference to the text. Experimental conditions should not be included, but should be adequately covered in the methods. For graphs, captions should not repeat axis labels, but should describe what the data show. A single caption can be provided for multipart (composite) figures, with necessary details on the separate parts, identified by their individual labels. If the separate parts require enough information to warrant separate captions, then the composite should be separated into individual figures. e. Appendices An appendix should be able to stand alone, as a separate, self-contained document. Figures and tables used in an appendix should be numbered sequentially but separately from those used in the main body of the paper, for example, Fig. A1, Table A1, etc. If references are cited in an appendix, they must be listed in an appendix reference list, separate from the reference list for the article. f. Supplementary material Supplementary material (or data) consists of extra tables, figures (maps), detailed calculations, and data sets produced by the authors as part of their research, but not essential for understanding or evaluating the paper, and not published with the article in the print edition of the journal... This material is never edited, converted, or scanned, and therefore will appear exactly as submitted. This is to prevent any errors from being inadvertently introduced during file manipulation or printing. Tables and figures should be numbered in sequence separate from those published with the paper (e.g., Fig. S1, Table S1) and all supplementary material should be referred to in the manuscript by footnotes. Supplementary material must be submitted with the article, in electronic format, hard-copy format, or both. During Web submission (OSPREY), relevant files should be attached under "Supplementary data". For mail submission, it should be clearly marked as such. If an electronic copy is provided, it will be made available in its native file format on the journal Web site (at no cost to readers). A copy of the electronic file(s) along with any hard copies of the data will also be deposited in the Depository of Unpublished Data, CISTI, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6. If author wishes to have a hard copy deposited with the Depository of Unpublished Data, they must provide the hard copy. Copies of the material from the depository may be purchased by readers or subscribers. 9. Illustrationsa. General Each figure or group of figures should be planned to fit, after appropriate reduction, into the area of either one or two columns of text. The maximum finished size of a one-column illustration is 8.6 cm × 23.7 cm (3.4 in. × 9.3 in.) and that of a two-column illustration is 18.2 cm × 23.7 cm (7.2 in. × 9.3 in.). The figures (including halftones) must be numbered consecutively in Arabic numerals, and each one must be referred to in the text and must be self-explanatory. All terms, abbreviations, and symbols must correspond with those in the text. Only essential labelling should be used, with detailed information given in the caption. For hard-copy versions, each illustration must be identified by the figure number and the authors names on the back of the page or in the left-hand corner, well away from the illustration area. b. Line drawings All lines must be sufficiently thick (0.5 points minimum) to reproduce well, and all symbols, superscripts, subscripts, and decimal points must be in good proportion to the rest of the drawing and large enough to allow for any necessary reduction without loss of detail. Avoid small open symbols; these tend to fill in upon reproduction. Lettering produced by dot matrix printers or typewriters, or by hand, is not acceptable. The same font style and lettering sizes should be used for all figures of similar size in any one paper. Original recorder tracings of NMR, IR, ESR spectra, etc., are not acceptable for reproduction; they must be redrawn. For hard-copy versions, line drawings should be made with black ink or computer-generated in black on high-quality white paper or other comparable material; laser prints should be created at the highest resolution available. c. Maps Maps must have very clear, bold patterns and must show longitudes and latitudes (or UTM coordinates) and a scale, to ensure proper identification of study locations. On maps of Quebec, the official name of municipalities must be used (e.g., Québec, Montréal, Clarke City) and physical features must be in French (e.g., Lac Bienville) except for those that are considered of pan-Canadian significance. Areas of pan-Canadian significance have an official form in English and French (e.g., Atlantic Ocean and Océan Atlantique) and should appear in the language of the paper. Quebec (the province) must also appear in the language of the paper. Names that should be presented in the language of the paper on a map of Quebec are as follows:
Lake Abitibi / Lac Abitibi d. Photographs Photographs should be continuous tone, of high quality, and with strong contrast. Only essential features should be shown. A photograph, or group of them, should be planned to fit into the area of either one or two columns of text with no further reduction. Electron micrographs or photomicrographs should include a scale bar directly on the print. The best results will be obtained if the authors match the contrast and density of all figures arranged as a single plate. Hard-copy versions must be printed on glossy paper and be trimmed and mounted on thin flexible white bristol board with no space between those arranged in groups. e. Colour illustrations Colour illustrations will be at the author’s expense. Further details on prices are available from Suzanne Kettley, Managing Editor of the Journal (613-993-9088; fax: 613-952-7656; e-mail: suzanne.kettley@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca). See also instructions for electronic colour files below. f. Preparation of electronic graphic files NRC Research Press prefers the submission of electronic illustration files for accepted manuscripts and will use these electronic files whenever possible. If electronic files are not available or if those supplied are inadequate for reproduction, hard-copy originals of adequate quality, either previously supplied or requested from the author, will be scanned. Note that the scanner will easily reproduce flaws (e.g., correction fluid, smudges). Submission of noncontinuous (screened) photographs and scanned illustrations printed out on laser printers is not recommended, as moirés develop; a moiré is a noticeable, unwanted pattern generated by rescanning or rescreening an illustration that already contains a dot pattern. If sending hard copies, please ensure that electronic files match the hard copies (i.e., figure number and figure content). If sending a disk, on the disk label, identify (i) the software application and version and (ii) file name(s), size, and extension. If you have compressed your files, indicate what compression format was used. PC or Macintosh versions of True Type or Type 1 fonts should be used. Do not use bitmap or nonstandard fonts. Electronic graphics can be accepted on the following disks: 3-in. disks, 100 MB Zip cartridge, and CD-ROM. The preferred graphic application of NRC Research Press is CorelDraw! For other applications that can be used, see the electronic graphics list at http://pubs.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/cgi-bin/rp/rp2_prog_e?cjfr_graphics_e.html All figures should be submitted at the desired published size. For figures with several parts (e.g., a, b, c, d, etc.) created using the same software application, assemble them into one file rather than sending several files. Remember that the more complex your artwork becomes, the greater the possibility for problems at output time. Avoid complicated textures and shadings, especially in vector illustration programs; this increases the chance for a poor-quality final product. Bitmap (raster) files are image files produced using a grid format in which each square (or pixel) is set to one level of black, colour, or grey. A bitmap (rasterized) file is broken down into the number of pixels or picture elements per inch (ppi). Pixels per inch is sometimes referred to as dots per inch (dpi). The higher the resolution of an image, the larger the number of pixels contained within the rectangular grid. The proper resolution should be used when submitting bitmap artwork. The minimum requirements for resolution are 600 dpi for line art, 1200 dpi for finelines (line art with fine lines or shading), 300 dpi for halftones and colour, and 600 dpi for combinations (halftones with lettering outside the photo area). All colour files submitted must be as CMYK (cyan, magenta, yellow, and black). These colours are used in full-colour commercial printing. RGB graphics (red, green, and blue; colours specifically used to produce an image on a monitor) will not print correctly. Vector files are image files produced using elements such as lines and shapes. Typically these files are used for line drawings. Bitmaps can be imported into vector/draw applications only for the purpose of adding and overlaying information, lines, text, etc. Bitmaps should not be resized, cropped, rotated, or otherwise manipulated after importing. 10. Style guidelinesa. Nomenclature As a general guide for biological terms, The CBE Manual for Authors, Editors, and Publishers: Scientific Style and Format (6th ed., 1994) published by the Council of Biology Editors, Inc., Chicago, IL 60603, USA, is recommended. For enzyme nomenclature, Enzyme Nomenclature (1992): Recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Academic Press, San Diego, Calif.) should be followed. b. Spelling Spelling should follow Webster’s Third New International Dictionary or the Oxford English Dictionary. Authors are responsible for consistency in spelling. c. Abbreviations and acronyms Abbreviations and acronyms should be defined when they are first mentioned in the abstract and text. d. Units of measure For units of measure, SI units (Système international d unités) should be used or SI equivalents should be given. This system is explained and other useful information is given in the Metric Practice Guide (2000) published by CSA International (178 Rexdale Blvd., Toronto, ON M9W 1R3, Canada). For practical reasons, some exceptions to SI units are allowed. e. Symbols Symbols and unusual or Greek characters should be identified clearly. Superscripts and subscripts should be legible and correctly placed. f. Statistical analyses The assumptions and (or) the model underlying any statistical analysis should be clearly stated. Symbols such as * and **, denoting levels of significance, should not be used except in conjunction with the actual values of the associated test statistic; actual p values are preferred. g. Numbers In long numbers the digits should be separated into groups of three, counted from the decimal marker to the left and right. The separator should be a space and not a comma, period, or any other mark, for example, 25 562 987 and not 25,562,987. In English text, the decimal marker should be a point, for example, 0.1 mL and not 0,1 mL. The decimal point in all numbers between 1 and –1, except 0, must be preceded by a 0. The sign × should be used to indicate multiplication, for example, 3 × 106 and not 3·106. h. Dates Dates should be written in the sequence day–month–year without internal punctuation (e.g., “On 9 October 1983 the…”). NRC Research Press
Revised January 2006 |
